WHERE WAS THE INDUS CIVILIZATION
The main city were Harappa, Ganeriwala, Mahenjo daro (these city
are presently under Pakistan) Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar (these
are under India) during the period of 3500 BC to 1300 BC. We may also say that
from Oxus River to Indus river war the Indus
Civilization. Indus Civilization is covered
Afganistan, Pakistan and Western India. This was a world-wide trading center
The Harappa and Mahenjo Daro are the main city during the Indus Valley
Civilization.
The archeologists and scientist were excavation the bank of
indus river and near side. Till date 390 hector of land already excavated
in the year 1944. After the year 1944, workers were faced many huddles to
excavation the site but could not don due to increase of water level.
According to Lashari “the excavations are not the only means of
investigation. It is the reason that the Chair of the Technical Consultative
Committee for Mohenjo Daro has prepared plans for the new technologies, which
are available, for augmenting non-destructive investigation.”
In the 1920s, a huge discovery in South Asia proved that Egypt
and Mesopotamia were not only the ancient civilizations. In the vast Indus
River plains (presently is located at Pakistan and some of area are located at
western India) was discovered in the year 1918. That was discovered the remains
of a 4,600 year-old city under layers of land and mounds of dirt. A thriving,
urban civilization had existed at the same time as Egyptian and Mesopotamian.
The archeologists as well as scientist opinion that the concept
of town planning derived from the ancient indus civilization. Till yet no one
knows how they made such type of development with any instruments. There are
many questions are coming to the mind like whether they knew the use of
technology?
BRONZE :-
During the indus civilization, they used the bronze on their day
to day basis. Bronze is an alloy consisting of copper with about 12 % to 12.5%
tin. They did not know about Iron or they had not discovered the Iron. Iron was
discovered after the Bronze ages. In present day the bronze is consisting
copper, tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese,
nickel or zinc).
When the Indus Civilization was come to an end, the Chinese
civilization was started. Many historian as well as Archeologist opinioned that
the Chinese civilization was discovered the Bronze. But if one logically think
about the period of Indus civilization and Chinese civilization and after
carefully examination of the material found by the archeologist, can understand
who discovered the bronze. Indus civilization was discovered the bronze for
which the Indus civilization era is called as bronze ages. The concept of
bronze is derived from Indus civilization. But it is mysterious that how they
discovered the bronze.
BRICKS
In the year 1940, during construction of rail line by the
British engineer Challs found some bricks of indus civilization. On
research found that on that area the peoples were constructing their house with
that bricks and the said bricks found by way of excavation of earth. The
searchers opinioned that the said bricks are the water resistant as well as
sound proof. The city of the indus civilization was covered 5 acer of land
and the said city was very developed and it is not compared with present days
American or European counties.
After excavation of the whole city by the researchers found that
all the house during that time was construction with the said bricks. And also
researchers found that the civilization was used 2 storage building and also
found big hall and 30 rooms of building. They knew the use of charcoal.
Now the questions arises that in present time it is not possible
to create water proof bricks then how they build / created the water proof /
water resistance bricks. It is still on mysterious.
WELLS
The concept of wells also discovered by the indus
civilization. On research found more then 700 wells were found there. Such type
of wells have not found from other civilization like egypt or mesopatamia
civilization. During that time one well was for four to five house.
SWIMMING POOL:-
The Greek civilization was started from 1200 BC to onward and
the swimming pool of their was famous because their culture became the populart.
Indus civilization was the first civilization who used pool in their society
and the said pool was 900 Sq. M. The researches have given opinion that the
water of pool of the Indus civilization brought from Indus river and every day,
the said water of pool was changed but till year no one have the answer how it
was possible.
ADVANCED WORST WATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM:-
During the era of Indus Valley
civilization, they were aware about the cleanness of house as well as city.
Every household had kitchen separately as well as toilet whose design was as
western style. All the worst water coming from household passed through narrow
drainage which was connected with big drainage. All the drainage had
underground (covered with stone plate) for their safety as
well as cleanness. If we compare Indus valley civilization with modern age then
we will find many lacunas in present day. It is surprised that
during that period they had such type of thinking and aware about
society.
TEMPLE:-
After many researched, the
archeologist and historian opinioned that they had not found any temple but one
‘SHIVE LINGA” was found. Even till date neither historian nor archeologist
found any temple. Initially they thought that they might unaware or not believe
in God or worship like as ‘nastik’. When they deeply analyzed, they found some
broken part of Gods and Goddess. During the excavation of Indus
Valley, the archeologist found some picture where the animals surrounding one
person who was sitting in yoga mudra which is known as “PASUPATI”. From these
pictures, the conclusion is drawn that during that period, they loved animals
and taking care. The seals which was discovered shows animals which were
looking like the two gods i.e. Shiva and Rudra. Other seals shows tree which
the Indus Valley believed the tree who gives life.
LANGUAGE:-
Many materials discovered during
the period of excavation and the symbols or seals are one of them. Some materials
found where symbol of animals and script had. After carefully analyzed by
the researchers found that the script are different than Mesopatamia,
Egypt. which language is that, that is mysterious till yet. When researchers
will be understood the meaning, the new facts will come to the light.
MEDICAL SYSTEMS:-
The archeologist found some Skelton
during the excavation of earth. Some of skelton found that the some tooth of
the body was duplicate. From this point of view we come to the conclusion that
the medical system was developed. They knew the surgical process and Ayurvedic
treatment.
FLOOD CONTROL
Now days flood control system is
not so much develop like as Indus Valley. During that period, the civilizations
were control the water by way of wood, stone, sand during the rising the water
level in river. And they diverted the water to the agriculture or other purpose
by small drainage. This type of technic was never used during earlier modernization.
WATER CONSERVATION
The Indus
civilization knew the process of water conservation and its re-use. The rain
water passed through a narrow drainage and storage in a big wells. The said water they used for the purpose of
cultivation and other purpose. Due to this technic they also control the water
lever in river.
ADVANCE ARTS TECHNIC
This civilization
knew the process of making ornaments or jewelry. The made all type of ornaments
by melting the bronze, gold, Iron etc. even they used the wooden ornaments. But
it is mysterious that how they knew those type of process without technology.
During excavation period found some coin which was made on mud. Todays game
like chess, puzzle, and many more games was discovered.
