WHAT IS INDUS CIVILIZATION?
The civilization
which was emerged near the river if Indus during Bronze era is called Indus
Civilization or Harapan civilization or mahenjo daro civilization. The earlier
urban culture of Indian in the era is called Indus valley
civilization. Actually time has not been defined by any archeologists.
Come archeologists told the period from 3500 to 1500 BC or some archeologists
defined from 3300 to 1300. Indus Civilization is covered Afganistan, Pakistan and
Western India.
The main city were
Harappa, Ganeriwala, Mahenjo daro (these city are presently under Pakistan)
Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar (these are under India). We may also
say that from Oxus River
to Indus river war the Indus Civilization. The Harappa and
Mahenjo Daro are the main city during the Indus Valley Civilization.
HARAPAN CIVILIZATION
Harapan
civilization was situated Indus river side. All the civilization during that
time was situated river side. Harapan city was given a lot of ideas to
modern city. The harapan cities . In the year 2014. The
archeologists discovered a big patch of land almost 350 Hector which is leaving
behind the mahen jodaro which was 300 hector.
MAHEN JODARO
Mahen jodaro is one
of the big city of Indus civilization in the era of bronze. The mahenjo
daro discovered in the year of 1922, just one year after of discovered of Indis
valley. Today the significant of mahenjo daro is for mount of the dead.
In present day, Mahenjo daro is coming under Larkana District, Sindh proven in
Pakistan, in a central position between the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra
River
The fact that one
of the latest sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation was discovered in
Maharashtra in a deserted village called Daimabad in Ahmednagar district
provides some support to the theory of a migration of Indus Valley citizens
southwards after the collapse of the civilization in the Indus Valley
itself.
STAGE OF INDUS CIVILIZATION
Indus civilization was divided in
three stages like early period which was 7000 BC, mature period which was 3300
BC and late period which was after 1700 BC. The mature and late period had more
importance than early period. In this period the development of the
civilization had been reached in top level. Most of the area were situated bank
of river like Chinam, satlag, Ghagra etc.
MAIN OBJECT OF INDUS CIVILIZATION
The Indus civilization did not like
war and they were not worrier. The main object of work was trading and farming.
According to archeologist, the people during the civilization period was
trading with sumerian civilization (southern Iraq is the present day). Some of philosopher and historian in their
book indicated that the people of that time might know the boat and through
boat they were went to Sumerian for their business.
According to the
discover and based on the opinion of the Philosopher, Historian and
Archeologist that the Indus society was divided into three part one is for
administrative site, one was for business with foreign (mainly Sumerian) and
one was for farming.
The administrative
site of people had to be vigilant towards society, development, cultural and
construction.
The farming site of
people’s object was in field of agriculture and farming. Whatever this group of
people were gain that was storage and that time they knew how to store the dry
fruits for a long period.
The business site
of people’s job only to trade with other civilization and earn the new material
in shape of exchanges.
COIN
During the Bronze
era they had not known about use of Coin but still they were used some material
with particular logo / symbol. Theough that logo they were traded inside the
civilization and when they were traded outsider they had the formula of
exchange. But we can say that during
that era they know how to use symbolize material like as coin.
THE FEATURES OF CULTURE OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
1.
The first common feature is Indus script on seals. This seals was found every place of the Indus civilization
area. The business society of people might knew the calculation process for
their easy way to calculate. The Archeologist has found some script of the
Indus civilization but the said script has not been translated yet and has not
published for the public purpose. Therefore in present scenario have no much information available about the social
life, customs, culture etc.
2.
The second most important feature is town planning. The main features of town planning were use of baked as well
as sundried bricks, well planned straight roads and a system of drainage. The
town planning was like as modern era. the bricks which was found at Indus Civilization had some specialty and all bricks are same size, same length and same quality also
The Indus civilization had divided the town in two parts one is
citadel which means top of the mount or hill and another is lower part of
citadel. The main and important office like as administrative office and the
higher officer were stayed there. In the lower part of citadel was for normal
persons house. There was many citadels according to the discover by historian
and archeologist. A fortified citadel at most of the cities. The number of the
citadels varies.
3.
Houses with kitchens and wells, tanks or water reservoirs:- during the bronze era, the civilization used or knew the
kitchen room as a part of the house, knew the process how to store the water
and rain water and the said reservoirs water used for the purpose of
agriculture and the wells for the purpose of drinking water. Many place of the
civilization area was found the wells, warehouse or storage room for Dry fruits
like rice, dal etc. and most important part is that they knew the use of toilet
room. Now days every house may not be toilet but in that time every house had.
They knew the technology or process to drainage the worst water
through drain. Every house and toilet connected with the sanitary drainage and
the said sanitary drainage was connected with the big drain and the rain water,
worst water toilet water etc was passed through this type of process gone
outside of the civilize area. All the drainage system was underground for the
welfare purpose of people. Today we may not used those type of develop process
in our daily life and thay may be dream in some village but they used in all
the area of Indus civilization.
4.
Use of standard weights and measurement throughout the
civilization:- the Indus civilization was invent
the process of weight and measurement. During the business and their daily life
they used such type of standard measurement for the easy process. During bronze
era, many civilization like as mesopatamia civilization, maya civilization,
Egypt civilization, sumerian civilization etc were but the Indus civilization
had important and they were educated in field of measurement and weights. Since then these process continue
till today. The present days measurement had bowered from the Indus
civilization.
5.
Presence of wheel made pottery:- the Indus
civilization used the mud pot in their kitchen and through those mud pot they
were cooked. The fire might discovered during primitive ages but that days they
did not know how to make pot. But Indus civilization knew the way to create
pot. And also they knew how to use wheel.
6.
The Practice of burying the dead:- Many skeleton were found during excavation of the Indus
valley civilization. According to the archeologist, the dead body might be
under earth and that might be the tradition and customs after death of a human.
Finally, I come to
the conclusion that during Indus civilization they knew many technologies like
as modern era. What we are using in present day (Bronze ) is the first used and
discovery by the Indus civilization. The Indus civilization has many
contribution to the present day. We may think that USA and European country are
developing country but the Harapan City or Mahenjo daro City were must more
developed.
