COIN
AGE IS SHOWN THE PROSPERITY OF THE CULTURE AS WELL AS THE ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE
OF STATE: CONCEPT OF CULTURE
The currencies or coins have the important role for the human being. The Currencies are required for the purchase of
anything. The word “Purchase” is a business process of the user to obtain goods or services to achieve its
goals. For the development of the state and country, the currency is very
important and now days it is a party of life.
The
currencies can be leather, metal or paper. But the said should be issued by proper authority and accepted by general public. The currencies which have discovered by the archaeologist are different type with regard to shapes, seals,
pictures and metals.
What is currency?
Currency
is a means of exchange for goods and services, issued by King or Government in
the form of leather, paper or metal.
ANCIENT INDIAN COIN
ANCIENT
CIVILIZATION
The
first currency was developed by the Indus Valley civilization during 3000 BC to
1000 BC. The said currency was in shape of seal or stamp on the dry clay. During that
period the development of clay and clay material was very demand.
Therefore the governing authority issued the seal or stamp for the sake of
exchange or means of purchase. The ancient civilization knew the use of metal
and they did not used the metal as a currency except the seal or stamp on dry clay.
From this point of view, the conclusion has been drown that the clay was very
important for the ancient civilization.
After collapse of the ancient civilization, the people were
divided into many part with small group and the said clay seal
or stamp were also distributed in many parts of country. During the excavation of
earth, the archaeologist has discovered the said seal or stamp on the dry mud / clay.
MAURYAN EMPIRE
The Mauryan Empire is the first dynasty of India which
was formed around 321 BC and collapse in 185 BC. Chandragupta was the then
founder of the Mauryan Empire. After death of Chandragupta, his son “Bindusara”
and thereafter “Ashoka” was the ruler of the Mauryan Empire.
During Chandragupta, the greatest Economist
“CHANAYAK” was the head of all department and he controlled total state’s
administrative power in the name of King Chandragupta. For the smooth running
of State, on the advice of Chandyak, the King issued the new concept in the name of currency. On every currencies, a picture of the King was. After the death of king, it was very difficult
to replace all the currencies but still on the order of king, the old currency
replaced by new picture of the new king during the collection of revenue.
Therefore after the death of the “Chandragupta”, his son “Bindusara” replaced
the currencies and during the “Ashoka”, he
also issued the order to replace the old coin. For which the ruling period,
they issued new currencies on their name and fame. The archaeologist has discovered such
type of currencies and scripts. During the Mauryan Empire, Chandraputa who started
the use of metal as currencies.
The currency was divided into three part i.e.
1. I) International
( exchange between two states)
2. II) National ( for the sake of royal purpose)
3. III) Local
INTERNATIONAL (EXCHANGE BETWEEN
TWO STATES)
The currency
was on “GOLD COIN” with the picture of the King. The Gold currency was used for
the purpose of exchange between two States as international means. The value of
Gold was accepted by every States easily than other metal. Therefore the value
of the currency of thee said States always higher. From the quantity of Gold
Coin, it is decided that the said State might be the prosperity State. The
value of the exchange was very high, for which the Gold currency was issued in
the name of King. It was very difficult to used in the local area.
NATIONAL (FOR THE SAKE OF ROYAL PURPOSE)
The king for
the smooth running of the State Administrative issued silver currency. The king
and their court employees had the right to use this type of currency. The said
currency could use either in the State or with the other States on behalf of
and / or in the name of King. Silver currency had the special value in the
King’s court. The person whoever used the silver currency, that person must be
the employee of King’s Court.
LOCAL
The local
market was very important. The king issued the less value currency like Iron
coin or leather coin. Those two currency were used in local market for sake of
exchange of goods and services. The kings seal or stamp was on both currency and in the name of King, those currency
was issued.
From the
above circumstances, it is drown that the society was divided into three parts
one was business class, one is Royal Class and other is general Class. In the society as per the class, the people
were given respect. The Iron Age was continued during the Mauryan Empire for
which the iron coin were used for the local purpose. On the currency, the king
used “Prakrit” language.
The value of Gold and the demand was very high. They knew the use of Gold and the demand by public. From the use of gold, it is drown that the State was prosperity. there are many pictures / symbols on the coins which shows the status of culture.
The concept
of currency and classification concept was discovered by the India during
Mauryan Empire.
OTHER DYNASTY
After collapse of the Mauryan Empire, the entire
State was divided into small group and among them who were the powerful, they
created the well establish State. Among the well establish States, Shunga
Empire, Deva Dynasty, Kanva Dynasty were powerful. Mughul Dynasty was the last
one and thereafter the British Rulers (Traders) were ruled over India.
The tradition and culture whatever framed by the
Mauryan Empire those were overlapped but the procedures were the same. The
subsequent dynasty were used the Gold, silver,copper & iron coin and even they designed the coin as per the order of King. But the new
dynasty took time to replace the said coin some many years and issued new
currency with their own symbol, picture. They knew that in a onetime total
currency cannot replace for which they took so many years.
The gold coin was used till Mughal Dynasty. Many
foreigner were attacked India only to take the Gold, Diamond and other valuable
goods. They knew that India was a rich State and the use of Gold Coin shown the
prosperity
for which they were attacked many time. The ancient Indian Gold were the good
quality and it was huge demand in international market also.
Gold and Silver coin were used till Mughal Dynasty. after Mughal Dynasty, the Britisher taken the said coin to their country because the coin were Gold and Silver. India is the only one State in the world that after exploitation by the Britisher, India is stand with her tradition and culture and the world is accepted the said tradition and culture. If India takes back her gold and silver coin then India will be the house of 50% of total Gold and Silver. Now days whatever the value of Indian currency that also increase and may the value of Indian Coin be top of the life
Finally
British Dynasty came and rule over India. They have taken many Gold, Diamond and
valuable metal and still India stands on her own foot. The many social and
cultural changes were occurred during the British Rulers. They used the culture
against the Indian for their benefits like to transport the valuable metals to
their States. The ancient currency value and use collapsed due to colonialism
of European States. And the uniformity of currency also collapse and new
concept of currency over rule the uniformity of ancient currency.
If
anyone see the entire period from starting to till day, the currency was used
like Gold, Silver, copper in large. Which shows that India was prosperity and
rich in cultural field. It was not easy
to reduce the value of those metal currency and those metals were widely
accepted and used by every States of the world. And those metals created the
uniformity of value in the world.
COIN OF NAGAS CHAKAKOTTA
CONCLUSION
There
are 195 States in the world and every State have their own currency but every
State currency are not accepted generally. If you see, there is no uniformity
of currency. Only the powerful and prosperity States have the demand of their
own currency like Dollar in USA, Pound
in UK, Euro in European States, Yuan / Renminbi in Chinese etc. Every
day the value of the currency of many States decrease or increase but no fixed
value.
The
Indian currency is called in name of “Rupees”. Rupees may be Cupro-Nickel or
paper. And now days Rs. 1 to Rs.2000/- (1,2,5 & 10 are coins and 1,2,5,10,
20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 2000 are paper) are available and issued by the
Government of India.
Till
today the Gold is used as means of International value but no one is ready to
use the Gold coin which can make the uniformity of currency value. The States
who have more Gold that State is more rich, powerful and prosperity.
