Medical science and
Chemical techniques have great relevant with the culture from ancient
civilizations to modern period: Concept of culture
Medicine and equipments
Medical science and chemical techniques were derived from
ancient age. The history is divided into two part one is un-written history
(prior to 6000BC) and another is written history (after 6000 BC). According to
written history, both medical science and chemical techniques had been used by
Mesopotamia Civilizations thereafter followed by Egyptian civilization which
was existed on bank of the Nile River during 3000 BC.
What is medical science?
According to dictionary the meaning which has been explained “the
branch of science concerned with the study of the diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease.”
This
branch of science is derived from ancient civilization and it is still
continuing.
There
are two methord on which entire medical science is depend i.e. western methord
and eastern methord.
The western methord, Hippocrates was
a Greek physician who born 460 BC at the ancient Greek ruler. Hippocrates is
known as the father of medical science.
Charak who wrote the book “CHARAK
SAHITA” after a long period in eastern world. In the said book he has described
about the every and each trees and its medicine quality. The book CHARAK SAHITA
is a gift towards human civilization. Only medicine plant and diseases
has been explain. Therefore, he is called as father of Indian Medicine.
Sushruta
practised during the 5th century
B.C hiss contributions to medicine and surgery preceded similar discoveries in
the Western world. The book ” Sushruta Samhita” if a gift towards human
civilization where one can find the surgery treatment and method.
Ayurvedic
Medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world which is dating back
to the Vedic Period of India. The term “AYURVEDA” which means
“life knowledge” or “life science”.
Ayurveda is the source of medical knowledge with spiritual concepts and
herbal remedies in treatment as well as prevention of diseases. However the
Ayurveda treatment is a herbal remedies like other food which we have eat
daily.
The
ancient Indian medical science were divided into two part (i) Atreya School
and (ii) Dhanvantri School. Atreya School was given more importance to Medicine
and its use which was based in charak Sahita. The Dhanvantri School was given
more importance to Surgery which was referred to the Sushruta Samhita.
The first English
translation version of Sushruta Samhita was done by Kaviraj Kunja Lal
Bhishagratna (calcutta based Kaviraj) in three volumes in the year 1907.
After gone through so many books, I find out one things the
ancient civilization were used mud-pot
as equipment for their lab. The said equipment were use in various purpose and various design as per the
requirement. The reason behind the use of mud equipment is that it has no
reaction and generated the final product as per mesurement. It is called as old
form of chemistry or alchemy. At present
in chemistry lab are using glasss.
What is chemical techniques?
A
science in which materials are separated, identified and quantified. In this
process invented new chemical by using existing things.
According to geographically pyramid were constructed in various
designed. According to some historical book pyramid were constructed for the shake off their
(citizen of that time) dead king. Civilization of that time had some tradition
and rituals after the death of the King and the dead body was storage with
covering sarcophagus and made some name and design over the said sarcophagus.
Some time we may call the said dead body as “MUMMY”. At the time, the
civilization were made mummification process to storage the dead body for a
long period. In the said process used salt containing
sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
During the 6000 BC
or 5000 BC the ancient civilization known the chemical composition and
generated the new component. From the concept of mummification, at present
civilization also use those process and by using those process, the new idea
generate but original concept is always old and ever green.
For the agriculture
purpose, the ancient civilization used the compost which was the generated by
way of natural process. They known that the compost is the source of the energy
for trees and agricultural purpose and those chemical were not such a critical
for the human consumption and every thing they were used as per the nature. But
now day civilization are using the artificial chemical in the agriculture
field.
An
important role in the development of chemistry was made by Ayurveda which used
a variety of minerals during the ancient India. During early civilization,
metallurgy has remained an activity central to all civilizations from the
Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Without two era the entire modern civilization is
nothing. The Indus valley civilization
was the story of early chemistry in India begins from here. Traces of cement
had been ford in the era of Mohanjodaro. The concept of brick was known by the
Indus velly civilization. The major chemical products of this period were
glass, paper, soap, dyeing, cosmetics and perfumes, alcoholic lacquers,
pharmaceuticals, candel light, gun powder and saltpeter. Nagarjuna
(metallurgist) and Kanada were chemist of ancient period.
The Harappans also experimented with various mortars and cements
made of burnt limestone, gypsum and mica, among other components. Finely
crushed quartz, once fired, produced faience, a synthetic material; it was then
coated with silica (perhaps fused with soda), to which copper oxide was added
to give it a shiny turquoise glaze. Faience was then shaped into various
ornaments and figurines. The Harappan civilization know the creation of color
by adding of iron oxide, manganese oxide, etc. The archaeologist has discover
that the India valley civilization used cattle for their own benefit. They known
the method of cured from the milk.
During 5000 BC to 1300 BC, the civilization discovered the Iron, Copper age and Bronze. They use those metal for their benefit in filed
of agriculture and as weapon etc. Ancient civilization we normally hunter.
Those material invented by using the existing material either natural material
or artificial materials that does not matter.
The ancient civilization knew the chemical techniques and
medical science very well. The modern age civilization has adopted the old
method and discovered new component. At present the process of invention is in
different way but source is same and old one.
